托福口语考试蒙圈了？

　　2017年10月15日托福口语考试Task1很多小伙伴都表示：彻底蒙圈了完全!没有思路：Describe an event in your country people will bring gift, what gift people will bring and why?

　　关于这个问题，不如我们先做一个小尝试：我找了一个相对比较难回答的题目，你试试花15秒构思。如果可能的话，在草稿纸上罗列一下提纲吧：

　　If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what city or place would you suggest they visit? Using details and examples, explain why. ——TPO-7

　　显然，这个题目相对比较难组织内容。有一个看似简单但并不是每一个同学都能做到的先决条件——了解自己的国家并对某个城市的诸多景点(专有名词)及其特色非常熟悉。在实际的教学中，我们常常为了降低此类题目的难度而直接将这个“介绍某个城市或地域”转成“介绍家乡(hometown)”，这当然是一种取巧的方法，因为家乡几乎是我们在备考过程中一定会提前准备好的话题。(当然了，我们在答题的时候，应该偏向于描述该地区如何spend your time，而不是简单的介绍家乡特点——以免跑题)。

　　可即便有“家乡”的材料做底子，你又是否能够特别迅速地罗列出你家乡的几大景点的名字?并且同时能够保证其英文的说法都是准确的?你会承认这样一个事实：除非专门准备过，我们并不容易做到这样的要求。

　　来看看参考范例中是怎么做的吧：

　　美籍作者参考答案：

　　If friends from another country were visiting the United States, I would definitely recommend that they visit New York City. There is no city in America that is more exciting than New York. They could do everything from visiting the bright lights of Times Square to taking a nice walk in Central Park to looking at interesting art at the Museum of Modern Art. In addition, going around the city is very convenient. New York’s subway system runs all around the city, and all night long, so even if they want to stay out late, they will have an affordable way to travel around.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》

　　作者选择纽约，显然是非常取巧的方式。因为这些地点(Times Square、Central Park、the Museum of Modern Art)足够有名，能够让rater(评分人)确认你的表达是正确的。

　　相对比而言，如果你所讲述的是一个不知名中国小镇，又胡诌(或许只是太没名气)了一个景点(直接说的中文拼音)，此时的评分人尽管没有办法直接判定你的内容是编造的，但至少他没有办法判定你是正确的。

注意，这是一个非常tricky的描述：在短短45秒的答题过程中，我们的第一目标当然是不犯错误，不露出英语不好的马脚;但另一方面，如果我们不尝试抓紧每一秒来凸显我们所表达内容的正确性，印证我们的语言能力，那就很难拿高分了。“让对方难以指出你的错误”与“让对方意识到你的正确”，是两种完全不同的备考思路。

　　事实上这也是为什么老师们会建议大家在口语的答题过程中，尽可能的选择著名的地点、众所周知的事例，而不是奇闻轶事。良好且胸有成竹的内容，并不来自于灵光一现。

　　所以对于内容组织这个角度来说，开始之前的15秒准备时间，并不是为了让你重新思考、创作新的内容，而只是为了给你时间把已经准备好的内容在纸上列好提纲而已。你若是问我内容素材准备得够不够?不如问问自己，已经准备的素材，是否足以回答如下这所有分类中的题目?

　　一般来说，对于第1题的内容我们往往分为如下几个类别：

　　place/object/event/school(community/neighborhood)/person/activity

　　对应的例题有：

　　Choose a place you go to often that is important to you and explain why it is important. Please include specific details in your explanation. (TPO 2)

　　Talk about an interesting book you have read. Explain why you thought the book was interesting. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.(TPO 11)

　　Talk about an important experience that you recently had. Describe what happened and explain why it was important to you.(TPO 9)

　　Students often want to get better grades in their classes. Explain what students should do in order to improve their performance in a class.(TPO 25)

　　What characteristics do you think make someone a good parent? Explain why these characteristics are important to you.(TPO 3)

　　Talk about a game, sport or other group activity that is played in your country. Explain why you think the activity is enjoyable.(TPO 13)

　　第2题也分几个大类：

　　education/technology/media/culture/work/leisure/life

　　对应的例题有：

　　Some college students choose to take courses in a variety of subject areas in order to get a broad education. Others choose to focus on a single subject area in order to have a deeper understanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think is better for students and why?(TPO 2)

　　Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples to explain your opinion.(TPO 1)

　　Some people think that children should be allowed to watch whatever television programs they choose to. Others think that parents should exercise control over the television programs their children watch. Which do you agree with? Explain why.(TPO 11)

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to learn about other cultures. Use details and examples to explain your opinion.(TPO 18)

　　Some people have one career throughout their lives. Other people do different kinds of work at different points in their lives. Which do you think is better? Explain why.(TPO 5)

　　Some people enjoy spending their free time alone in activities such as reading, thinking, or writing. Others enjoy spending their free time in shared activities with other people. Which do you prefer and why?(TPO 23)

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your friends are the most important influence in your life. Use details and examples to explain your opinion.(TPO 21)

　　另外，除了准备好内容外，思路拓展也源自于对内容的延展方式的了解。譬如你对于某一个话题只能想出一点内容、一个论点，这时可以考虑是否写一个递进?亦或是在说到内容几乎穷尽的时候，在结尾部分写个让步?

　　在句群间/段落间关系层面上的内容延伸方式，变化有很多，譬如常说的递进。值得一提的是，按照时间轴延伸几乎是所有题目都可以使用的手段：几乎所有的题目都能提到青少时期会如何、中年会如何、老年又会如何。前提当然是你曾经练习过青年中年老年该如何表达，譬如infant、toddler、preschooler、pupil、youth、teenager、adult、senior等。

譬如，对于眼前这个题目“If friends from another country were going to spend time in your country, what city or place would you suggest they visit? Using details and examples, explain why.——TPO-7”，我们也可以简单分类成为对于青年人可以在城市里看什么、中年人可以在城市里看什么、老年人又可以在城市里看什么。我想这种简单的思维模式至少可以使我们的回答有的放矢。

　　如果在内容准备和思路拓展两方面都进行过严格训练，应该能大大缓解你所描述的那种情况。我就不再多说了，加油!

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