托福阅读指代题技巧

　　指代题是托福阅读中相对简单的一类题型，指代题的类型无非是代词指代和词汇指代。指代题的解决不仅对这个题型息息相关，也关系着其他题型以及对文章内容的理解。这里讲解一些快速解决的方法。

　　方法一：所有格代词指代前面位置上最近的名词

　　例子：The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.

　　The word "their" in line 26 refer to：objects.

　　方法二：后半句的代词主语指代前半句的名词主语

　　例子：Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble.

　　The word “they" in line 2 refers to ：eruptions.

　　方法三：并列的及物动词，第二个动词的代词宾语指代一个动词的名词宾语

　　例子：Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.

　　The word "it" in line 4 refers to : composition.

　　方法四：代词主语指代前一句话主句中的名词主语

　　例子：Like the dinosaurs, some the pterosaurs became gigantic; the largest fossil discovered is of an individual that had a wingspan of 50 feet or more, larger than many airplanes. These flying reptiles had large, tooth-filled jaws, but their bodies were small and probably without the necessary powerful muscles for sustained wing movement. They must have been expert gliders, not skillful fliers, relying on wind power for their locomotion.

　　The word "They" in line 10 refers to ： flying reptiles.

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