SAT写作分析导读—证据篇(Evidence)

2018-05-28 17:53 1809523次浏览
分享至:


  新SAT考试的写作部分,虽然还叫做“Essay”,但在这部分对学生们所进行的考查以超过了“写”这一个维度。没有SAT阅读的阅读量,写作部分的阅读原文可能会让我们读到怀疑人生。但就像上一期写作文章所写到的那样,此阅读给了我们一点小的分析上的捷径,全文结尾处已经给我们列出了全文中心点,那么整体上不知道全文在讲什么的问题不太会出现。

SAT写作分析导读—证据篇(Evidence)

  按照赛达官方指南的介绍,新SAT写作部分要求是,让考生分析作者是如何成功地证明自己的观点的。那么在分析的过程中,就会牵扯到对于作者写作手法的分析和引用。那么这些手法都包括什么呢?我找到一个比喻,它属于什么手法?我找到一个数字,它一定要在作文里进行分析么?我找到的手法太多了,都需要写么?

  赛达官方指南上面写到,我们在分析的过程中,要分析作者是怎么样用论据(evidence)进行说理(Reasoning)和其他有说服力的风格来证明自己的观点的。满分文章的要求是“offers a thorough,well-considered evaluation of the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and /or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or features(s) of the student’s own choosing”。

  那么,这个“own choosing”是不是说我随便选选就可以了?我作主呗?当然不是了!

  对于手法的选择一定是有取舍的,答题标准上面提示了我们选择什么样的手法:Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.“Most Relevant” 指的是什么呢?当然是最相关于文章的主干、文章的主题。其他的一些间接相关于主题的手法,我们在短短的作文里面就不要求一定要做分析了。

  在官方指南给出的Evidence(证据),Reasoning(说理)和Stylistic and persuasive elements(其他有说服性因素)几类手法当中,我们的文章中最好都要做到有所分析。

  今天我们就作者使用的“证据”,如何对证据进行分析进行一个介绍。

  证据在作者的文章当中,一定能找到么?

  官方指南为我们列出了6篇文章,虽然两篇演讲当中证据使用的比较少,但其余文章,包括赛达改革以来,亚太和北美的真题里面,证据都是百分之八九十的存在,这种存在感,也是非常合理的,毕竟当你在跟别人讲道理的时候,拿出证据是必要的。

  证据长什么样?

  同学们看到全篇英语就已经比较迷糊了,但区分证据是必须要做的并且还得掌握一定的技巧。寻找证据的时候可以着重寻找“数据,研究结果,具体的例子,事实等等”,就像官方指南写到的

  “Evidence is information and ideas that the author uses to support a claim. Evidence takes many forms, … Evidence can come in the form of facts, statistics, quotations from (other) experts, the results of experiments or other research, examples, and the like…”

  e.g. , “……Our bodies need darkness to produce the hormone melatonin, which keeps certain cancers from developing, and our bodies need darkness for sleep. Sleep disorders have been linked to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and depression, and recent research suggests one main cause of “short sleep” is “long light.”…. 作者用事实来表现过多人造光对于人类的身体健康的负面影响。

  e.g. , “At my family’s cabin on a Minnesota lake, I knew woods so dark that my hands disappeared before my eyes. I knew night skies in which meteors left smoky trails across sugary spreads of stars….” 作者用个人故事来表现纯黑的、毫无人造光的黑夜星空的美。

  我已经能够找到证据了,那么,挑出证据就得分了吗?

  其实,证据挑出来的难度不大,难还是难在达到满分的分析深度。不仅需要指出作者使用了什么手法,还需要分析出来该证据如何能证明全文中心观点。官方指南里面对大家满分的要求便是既要指出了手法又要有准确的分析(即该手法对于文章主干的作用)。

  如何才算是分析到了深度,下面为大家列举一下官方指南中为我们列出的对于同一个证据,得到3分和4分的两段例文。来自OG1,Let There Be Dark,得分分别是3/3/3 和4/4/4。

  By using a personal story Bogard allows his audience to connect to him. If his audience can relate or even understand his story they will be more willing to agree with him. The personal story also shows that the issue of preserving natural darkness isn’t just another topic to write about but something that he is actually passionate for. In his personal story Bogard uses great imagery making the audience picture what he saw and maybe make them want to experience it too.

  Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story – a summer spent on a Minnesota lake where there was “woods so dark that [his] hands disappeared before [his] eyes.” In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter about night darkness, the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess. He builds his argument for the preservation of natural darkness by reminiscing for his readers a first-hand encounter that proves the “irreplaceable value of darkness.” This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims.

  读完之后不难发现,没有对比就没有伤害,这两个段落虽然找到的分析内容一致,但明显第二篇范文在evidence的引用和解析方面要更加深刻些,本篇作文的考生用了“In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light…., the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess…This anecdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims.”相比之下第一篇文章对于evidence的论述明显浅显很多,考生只是引用,识别了手法,但没有深入分析该手法对于建立观点有什么作用。

  综上所述:划出证据不是最终目的,证据在有些文章当中出现了很多处,需要学生们去筛选,筛选对于文章的主题最相关的手法,并且要深入分析这些证据是如何佐证主题的,这样我们在写作部分才能得到一个理想的分数。

  以上就是小编带来的相关内容。更多SAT考试内容、SAT考试难度等问题,可以咨询我们。

a19.png


猜你喜欢

1 / 3
获取专属留学方案
选择教育程度
  • 小学
  • 初中
  • 高中
  • 大学
图片验证码
提交