美国史在SAT中渐渐重要起来,新SAT考试里不仅有专门的美国文献阅读,其他题目以及SAT写作也开始需要考生对美国历史背景有基本了解。今天小编为大家带来黑人问题总结和汇总。
1860年之前
1、建国文献
(1)1776年前:colony
British=Colonists (Tax, ruling)
其他语境:British colonists VS Natives
(2)1787-1789 :大小政府问题
Confederation: 邦联 =Anti-Federalists: 小政府
Consolidation: 联邦 =Federalists: 大政府 → New Plan → Constitution
争论焦点:
a. human rights 和政府权力此消彼长
b. 政府权力集中会不会变成despotism/ tyrant/ dictatorship
c. 美国的diversity不适合one government and law
2、法国大革命 GreatRevolution
1789之后:
Democracy →American 支持革命
Anarchy →British不支持盲目革命,应该先进行Enlightenment和Illumination
Despotism →British有潜在风险
3、超验主义 Transcendentalism (1840年)
(1)代表人物:Ralph Waldo Emerson / Henry David Thoreau
(2)基本理念:
Individualism and self-reliance
Hostility to authority and formal institutions
Dignity of the individual
4、女权
(1)关键词:
女权:equal, moral, natural law, human, human rights, principle(核心价值观)
反女权:tradition,forms,institution, superior,subordinate, different, sphere, peculiar, physical character, respectively
(2)理念:
女权主义者要求哲学上的平等(天赋人权、自由平等)
反女权主义者用tradition反驳(男女有别)
5、黑奴Slavery
(1)Political Issue: Separation — Union
1820:Missouri Compromise
1850:California, Utah, New Mexico — popular Sovereignty
1850:Fugitive Slave Law(逃亡奴隶法案)— further limit North
1854:Kansas-Nebraska Act Southexpand slavery
BleedingKansas— regionalconflict(war)
1861-1865:Civil War
North-Union South-Confederation
主要人物:Stephen Douglas, Lincoln, Henry Clay, Daniel Webster
(2)Social Issue — Abolish,Equality, Moral, Natural Law
Before Civil War:Education/ Free
After Civil War: Citizenship/Voting Right
主要人物:FrederickDouglass
1860-1920年
Equal in law/ Unequal in social status
1、女权
Many women go out of home to work.
(1)Grass-root:Education, Wages, Working Hour, Equal Pay, Voting Rights, Suffrage, Franchise
(2)192019 Amendent— Voting rights
2、黑人
1868:14 amendment Citizenship
1870:15 amendment Voting Right
After Civil War, 南方黑人的处境没有变好(Discrimination, Segregation)
Booker T. Washington:黑人天生智力不如白人,所以要加强Education
Web Dubois:NAACP talented blacks
3、Progressive Movement — Political Science
(1)1900之前:美国政府放任自由—Laisse-Faire
导致:corruption, great gap between poor and rich, social problems
(2)1900-1920:进步主义运动——政府以前不管,现在有作为(劫富济贫)
三位总统:Roosevelt、Taft、Wilson
开始国家垄断资本主义(Keynes主义):扩大政府影响力,开展社会福利措施、控制富人、对外经济扩张、环保
Temperance Movement(禁酒运动)
Trust—Busting(Organization)— Monopoly
Children, Women, Labor Protection
(3)1920-1929(Roaring 20S):经济飞速发展(政府不管 Laisse-Faire)
(4)1929—1980:
GreatDepression- New Deal –开始国家垄断资本主义(凯恩斯主义—Keynes)
World War Two
Gold Standard---- Breton Woods(布雷顿森林体系)
70s:Stagflation:Stagnation + Inflation (经济停滞+通货膨胀)
(5)1980—1988
里根,回到Laisse-Faire
1960s左右
BlackPeople + Women Rights = Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks
不是Political Issue
是Social Issue: Custom Traditionv
1964:CivilRightAct:Banned all discrimination
1970s:ERA(equal rights amendment)— 导致逆向歧视 (Reverse Discrimination)
以上就是小编为大家整理的关于SAT阅读历史类文章中黑人问题汇总,希望对大家有所帮助。更多SAT考试时间安排、SAT评分标准等问题可以咨询我们。
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