今天先了解一下机考SAT真题中曾经出现过的两个专有名词:
Dollar Store 廉价商品商店;“一元店”a shop that sells items very cheaply;a store that sells inexpensive items priced usually at a dollar or a few dollars
另外一个涉及到美国历史,这个单词是Underground, 也叫Underground Railroad,意思不是真的在地下修了一条铁路,而是指大概1830年代到1860年代,南方黑奴在各个城市的一些白人和自由黑人的帮助下,为获自由而偷偷地辗转多地跑到北方,形成的多条惯用逃跑路线。
这里的underground的意思是指“秘密的,地下的”(of or relating to the secret activities of people working to subvert an established order)
美国著名作家科尔森·怀特海德(Colson Whitehead)写了一本长篇小说《Underground》,讲的就是那段故事,2016年出版后获美国国家图书奖、、普利策奖,被译成多种文字(包括中译本),2021年改编成同名电视剧电视剧。
2020年9月北美SAT和2017年10月ACT考到了科尔森·怀特海德写的同一篇小说《Sag Harbor 》,2020年9月23日School Day SAT考了怀特海德的另一篇长篇小说《约翰·亨利日》(John Henry Days)。
另外语法部分出现了一个不太常用的副词,elsewhere。请同学们注意在倒装句中,elsewhere放在句首的情况,比如:
Elsewhere in the same book she gives another date.
她在同一本书的另一处给出了另一个(不同的)日期。
这个副词放在句首,带有微弱的转折的意思。
接下来是30个比较普通的单词,动词居多,也有形容词。里面有一些生词(略高过高中要求,高中生一般不认识的单词),也有一些是纸笔考SAT也喜欢考的熟词的生僻义。
prevail vi.占优势,占上风;获胜
prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious
不及物动词,通常和介词over连用
例句:It is hard for logic to prevail over emotion.
逻辑很难战胜感情。
eclipse vt. 掩没(某人或物的)重要性 (或地位、声誉),使失色
deprive (someone or something) of significance, power, or prominence
例句:The state of the economy has eclipsed the environment as the main issue.
经济状况超过环境问题而成为主要问题。
counteract vt.对抗;阻碍;抵制;抵消;中和
act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralize it
同学们请注意,act是不及物动词,但是counteract却是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语
例句:The drug counteracts the effects of the poison.
这种药可抵消毒物的作用。
constrict vt. 抑制,限制;约束
restrict
例句:The fear and the reality of crime constrict many people's lives.
对犯罪的恐惧和罪恶的现实束缚了许多人的生活
rectify vt. 纠正,矫正;修正,整顿
put (something) right; correct
例句:Mistakes made now cannot be rectified later.
现在犯下的错误今后无法纠正。
reverberate vi.不断发生后效,不断引起反响
have continuing and serious effects
例句:The statements by the professor reverberated through the Capitol.
教授的话不断在国会引起反响。
spurious adj. 假的;伪造的;(推理方法)貌似真实的,似是而非的,站不住脚的
not being what it purports to be; false or fake; (of a line of reasoning) apparently but not actually valid
例句: This spurious reasoning results in nonsense.
这种站不住脚的推理到头来都是废话。
transpose vt. 转移,迁移;转换
transfer to a different place or context
例句:The themes are transposed from the sphere of love to that of work.
主题从爱情转到了工作。
vt. 使变形,转变,使变化
change into a new form
例句:He transposed a gaffe by the mayor into a public-relations advantage.
他把市长的失态转变成了公关优势。
yield vt. 产生(效果、收益等);带来
(of an action or process) produce or deliver (a result, or gain)
例句:This method yields the same results.
这种方法产生同样的结果。
dictate vt.&vi. 控制;支配;决定
control or decisively affect; determine
例句1::Choice is often dictated by availability.
选择往往决定于是否有可能。
例句2:A review process can be changed as circumstances dictate.
审查过程可能会视具体情况的需要而有所改变。
mitigate vt. 使温和;使缓和、缓解;减轻(痛苦)
make less severe, serious, or painful
例句:Drainage schemes have helped to mitigate this problem.
排污系统已经使问题得到缓和。
preclude vt. 防止,杜绝,使不可能
prevent from happening; make impossible
例句:The secret nature of his work precluded official recognition.
他工作的机密性质使他不可能获得官方表彰。
glide n. 滑音,延长(发音 )
a sound produced as the vocal organs move towards or away from articulation of a vowel or consonant, for example j in duke djuːk
prolong vt. 延长、拖长
extend the duration of
例句:We were having such a good time that we decided to prolong ourstay by another week.
我们过得非常愉快,决定再多待一個星期。
humanoid adj.类人的;具有人的形状(或特征)的
having an appearance or character resembling that of a human
intricate adj. 错综复杂的,盘根错节的;复杂精细的
very complicated or detailed
daunting adj.看上去棘手难以处理、难以对付的;使人畏惧的;令人发怵的
seeming difficult to deal with in prospect; intimidating
condescending adj. 行为表现出一种优越感的
acting in a way that betrays a feeling of patronizing superiority towards someone
例句:She thought the teachers were arrogant and condescending.
她认为教师们傲慢自大且居高临下。
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