课窝网分享托福听力材料精析

今天课窝网小编要和大家分享的是一篇托福听力材料的精析，这篇lecture有一定难度，话题内容属于美国历史，乍听之下会觉得层次清楚，要点清晰，但是如果细节不够仔细或者完整，做起题目就不会太好受了。讲人物的篇章往往只有一个主要人物，其余出现的都是衬托或者铺垫，特别是在Art类别中；但是在这篇lecture中，无论是Columbus还是Pintard都是主要人物，所以关键就在于既要了解Pintard创造美国本土英雄，也要知道Columbus为什么符合标准。那么，同学在考试时遇到类似篇章就要注意了，一定注意lecture中出现的个体人物，无论是主要的还是次要的，都是可以作为信号的存在。

KEYWORDS

commemorate: v. 作为对...的纪念

patron：n. 赞助人

patriotism: n. 爱国主义

fractured：adj. 断裂的，有裂缝的

declare：v. 宣告

colonial：adj. 殖民的

undemocratic：adj. 不民主的

entrepreneurial：adj. 企业家的

cast：v. 选派...扮演角色

destine：v. 指定

mythical：adj. 神秘的

political institutions：政治体制

文章层次

这篇lecture运用师生互动很好分清层次

Columbus 和 Pintard 的简介

解释Pintard 选择 Columbus 作为纪念对象的原因

解释为什么不是选择像George Washington 这样的人的原因

解释Columbus 和 美国之间的link是什么

学生提出质疑，教授解释Columbus个人的真正生平其实无所谓，没太多人知道

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

A. The growth and influence of historical institutions in the early United States 

B. Facts and myths about Christopher Columbus

C. New information about events that occurred during Columbus’ explorations 

D. How Columbus’ story was used to help create a national identity for the United States

解析：结合开头第一句话内容和全文层次，D选项比较容易选出（ It’s interesting how much we can learn about culture in the United States by looking at how Christopher Columbus has been portrayed throughout United States history.）；也有同学选成混淆项B，这就是把细节或者某一方面当成了主要内容，讲Columbus的facts和myth的话会有具体事例，可文中并没有

2. According to the professor, why did John Pintard promote the commemoration of the three hundredth anniversary of Columbus’ landing?

A. To encourage patriotism

B. To demonstrate his own wealth and influence

C. To lessen the influence held by the leaders of the American revolution

D. To correct what he claimed were mistaken beliefs about Columbus

解析：正确选项A，由一个师生互动点出，比较明显的重点：学生问为什么要选择Columbus；教授回答对于Pintard是要“build patriotism”；B选项是文章细节，但是不能答题，只是对于Pintard的描述；C和文章内容正好相斥

3. What were two contributing factors to the selection of Columbus as a United States national hero? 

Click on 2 answers.

A. His writings were popular at the time.

B. He had no connection to the rulers of Britain.

C. The leaders of the revolution did not want to be considered heroes.

D. Few people were more famous in the early years of the United States.

解析：本篇的难题，C选项很明显，仍然是师生互动之后引出的重点：学生问为什么不选像George Washington这样的革命先驱，教授指出这些人认为成为heroes是“undemocratic”，所以不想当；另外一个选项除开排除法之外，必须注意到教授和学生讨论的 “link”也是在讲Columbus能够被选择的原因，这就是内容相关性，听得时候一定要能意识到其中的联系，在教授解释“link”时，说到“ he was cast as somebody who was opposed to the rule of kings and queens”，反对国王和王后的统治，也就是Britain，另外还有文末“Columbus represented an escape from the political institutions of Europe.”可以证明。还有同学觉得这里的内容是 “portrayed”不是事实，但是请注意到题目中问得是“factors”不是“fact”

4. What does the professor imply about the facts of Columbus’ life?

A. They were not relevant for Pintard's purposes.

B. They are an important part of early United States history.

C. They are not presented accurately in Columbus' own writings.

D. They were researched thoroughly before his selection as a national hero

解析：本篇的难题，很容易选成C，因为文中确实有提到准确性，但是实际上对于“Columbus’ own writing”只是提到出现的比较晚，首先注意到男生质疑教授，说Columbus其实是西班牙皇室来支持的，并没有反抗他们；教授解释时说到Pintard描述Columbus的历史和真正的事实不符，然后重点提示“And I really have to stress this”，教授强调Columbus能成为英雄跟他本身是谁没有关系，答案出处“Columbus was extraordinary adaptable to the purposes of America’s nation builders.”，所以内容逻辑一环套一环，注意到一个重点才能注意到下一个

5. What is the professor’s attitude toward studying what she calls the 'mythical Columbus"? 

A. It is a good way to discover facts about Columbus1 explorations.

B. It is a way to learn about the society that created the myth.

C. It is likely to cause confusion among those who want to learn United States history. 

D. It is not as interesting as doing research into the writings of Columbus.

解析：比较直接的态度题，需要注意到教授在文章末尾提到，Columbus反应了那个选择了他的社会，然后教授指出作为历史学家，我们可以通过研究美国人如何按照自己的目的改编Columbus的（“Columbus. But if we are trying to understand American culture, then we can learn much by studying how America adapts Columbus for its own purposes.”）

6. Why does the student say this?

A. To question the accuracy of the professor's statement 

B. To ask for examples of mistaken beliefs about Columbus 

C. To propose an alternative explanation 

D. To find out if he understood the professor’s point

解析：联系上下文，学生问得问题就是对于教授解释的总结，是顺着教授的观点来提问的。

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