PTE写作定语从句中的关系代词

　　关于PTE考试方面，在考试有哪些需要注意的，怎样才可以提高自己的能力，下面小编给大家分享一些PTE写作考试定关于从句的用法。

　　下面着重介绍两个特殊的关系代词：as 和but。

　　1 as引导限制性定语从句

　　之前我们讲了“as引导非限制性定语从句”，其实as也可以引导限制性定语从句，常常与as、such、same等词连用，构成“as...as... ”，“such... as... ”和“the same as...”的固定结构，我想这个大家应该都比较熟悉，直接抛例句啦!

　　e.g.1: He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.(这里的as作从句的主语) 他不是那种做事做一半的人。

　　Paraphrase(释义、改写)：It's not like him to leave his work half done.

　　e.g.2: I've never heard of such things as he did.(这里的as作从句的宾语) 我还从没听过他做的这些事情。

　　e.g.3: He is no longer the same as he used to be.(这里的as作从句的主语补语) 他不再是以前那个他了。

　　2 but引导限制性定语从句

　　but可以用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句，因为它总是用于否定句，其本意也常表示否定。也就是表示“that... not;which... not;who... not”的含义。所以，其所在句子经常双重否定，最后构成肯定意义。下面的例句大家要慢慢咀嚼一下：

　　e.g.1: There is no rule but has exceptions. 这里的but相当于上面提到的“that... not”，即：There is no rule that has no exceptions.

　　Paraphrase: Every rule has exceptions. 每个规则都有例外。

　　e.g.2: There is no one but knows about the incident. 这里的but相当于上面提到的“who... not”，即：There is no one who doesn't know about the incident.

　　Paraphrase: Everyone knows about the incident. 每个人都知道这件事情。

　　关于that和which的使用，还有一些其他限制，主要如下：

　　1.that和which指物时，一般情况下可以互换使用，但当先行词是all，something，nothing等不定代词，或者当先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级，或者是any，few，no，only，some，very等词修饰限定时，只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句。

　　e.g. Everything that he did seemed quite reasonable.(这里的that可以省略)

　　e.g. This is the best film that I've ever seen.(这里的that可以省略)

　　2.当关系代词在从句中作主语补语或在there be(存在句)结构中作主语时，通常用that指人或物，而且通常省略。

　　e.g. Tom still talks like the man (that) he was ten years ago.

　　e.g. The 3:30 is the fastest train (that) there is to Cambridge.

　　定语从句的简写

　　(1)定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。

　　My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.

　　My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.

　　我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。

　　This is a book that is worth reading.

　　This is a book worth reading.

　　这是一本值得看的书。

　　(2)定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。

　　The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.

　　The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.

　　站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。

　　I saw the house that was burning at that time.

　　I saw the burning house at that time.

　　当时我看到那房子在燃烧。

　　(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。

　　I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.

　　I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.

　　我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。

　　She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.

　　She is the girl praised at the school meeting.

　　她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。

　　(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。

　　He is always the first person that comes to school.

　　He is always the first person to come to school.

　　他总是第一个到校。

　　The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.

　　The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.

　　明天要作的报告对我们很重要。

　　(5)定语从句简化为what 从句。

　　I couldn't remember the words that he said.

　　I couldn't remember what he said.

　　总的看来，在限制性定语从句中，that的使用范围比which大很多。(综合)

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