雅思写作地图题:巧用“变化词”与“方位词”

2018-08-20 14:17 1739099次浏览
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  一直以来,雅思小作文中地图题都是小伙伴最恐惧的东西,提心吊胆,究其原因,一是出现率不高,练习强度不够,另外就是地图类作文的常用词汇和同义替换表达的积累不够。今天就和课窝网一起搞定方位词及变化词两组词汇的说法,让地图题变得简单。

雅思写作地图题:巧用“变化词”与“方位词”

  第一组:方位词

  在这个方面,需要注意的是,我们需要准备好两者之间的所有可能的位置关系,除了最基本的A在B的东西南北方以外,还需要掌握一些特定的限定表达,比如A在B的角落等等。

  基础表达:

  A在B的东西南北方(内部/接壤/不接触):A is in /on / to the east/west/south/north of B。

  高阶表达:

  A在B的东西南北方(内部):A is in the eastern/southern/western/northern part of B。

  A在B的东西南北角落:A is at/in the eastern/southern/western/northern corner of B。

  A坐落于距离B……远处:A is(数字)kilometers / miles to the east / west / south / north of B。

  A和B很近:A is near /next to /close to B。

  A在B的对面:A is opposite / on the opposite side of B

  第二组:变化词

  其实,地图题目当中蕴涵的变化,从本质来说,无非是三种,一种为所谓的“加变化”也就是在原本基础上出现了新增的部分,另一种为“减变化”,也就是原本的内容出现了缩减。所谓“恒定表达”,即前后没有发生变化。还有一种涉及到了两种内容之间的转化,被称之为“转化表达”。

  加变化:

  A尺寸上变大/变小了…:The size of A has been enlarged by…

  A被建造在B:A is constructed / established in B。

  A被增建在B:A is added to B。

  减变化:

  A尺寸上变大/变小了…:The size of A has been reduced by…

  A消失了:A disappeared / is removed。

  A被推倒了:A is pulled down/knocked down/torn down。

  恒定表达:

  A has remained unchanged。

  转化表达:

  A被改造成了B:A is transformed / reconstructed into B

  A被B替代了:A is replaced / substituted by B。

  下面我们将以这个简化版的地图为例,分核心词汇、图例、交通路线、人口和段落写作模板这5个方面一一给同学们进行讲解。

image.png

  核心词汇

  地图中最常涉及到的当然就是表示东南西北四个方向的词汇了,对于这个大家肯定都不陌生,分别是:

  east / west / north / south

  但是还有另外四个方向的表达是大家容易忽略且在考试中比较没有意识使用的:

  northeast / southeast / northwest / southwest

  大家需要注意的是这些词汇和我们汉语中的表达有所不同,英文表达这四个方位时是把南北放在前面,而汉语是把东西放在前面。

  关于B地点的位置,可以用四种方法来丰富我们的表达:

  1、Bis locatednortheastofDartford.

  2、Bis situatednortheastofDartford.

  3、BliesnortheastofDartford.

  4、Bis tothe northeastofDartford.

  这里大家需要注意的是,第四个句型“to the northeast of …”是指位于某地的东北方向而非位于某地内部的东北方向。如果要表示某地内部的某个方向,应当用介词in。在这里顺便给大家安利一部非常好用的字典《柯林斯用法词典》,里面有关于此类介词用法和辨析的详细说明哦。

  大家需要注意的是,这里的Key可不是钥匙或答案的意思,而是“索引、图例”之意。在这里我们需要关注两个点:

  第一,题目中的图例一般都是给到大写形式,我们在考试的时候写小写字母即可(专有名词和地名除外);

  第二,我们不必对所有图例单词进行同义替换,尽力即可。比如本地图中的图例可以替换为:

  house area = residential area

  town center = center of the town(在这里有些同学会paraphrase成city center,需要提醒大家的是town和city有很大区别:a town is smaller than a city,在这里不可作为同义替换使用)

  railway = road/main road

  交通线路

  在这幅简化地图中,我们可以说“这条铁路线从Dartford北部一直穿越到南部”。以下是4种常用句式和词汇,真实考试中的线路当然不止一条,这时候我们的同义替换词汇就派上用场啦。

  1、The railwayruns throughDartford from north to south.

  2、The railwaycrossesDartford from north to south.

  3、The railwaypasses throughDartford from north to south.

  4、The railwaygoes throughDartford from north to south.

  地区人口

  关于地区人口的表达,最简单粗暴的方式就是第一个例句:

  1、The population of Dartford is 60,000.

  但是我们还可以把B的地理位置和Dartford的人口数放在同一个句子中(这种写法特别适合地点和位置较多较复杂的题目):

  2、B is located northeast of Dartford,whichhas a population of 60,000.

  大家有没有发现这里用到了我们之前讲到的同义替换句型呢?所以多多积累不同的词汇表达,就能相应地丰富我们的句型了。

  段落写作模板

  最后我们对此图的关键信息进行整合,就可以写出像下面这样的段落:

  Ais located inthe center of the town. A railwayruns throughDartford from north to south. Bis situated tothe northeast of Dartford just outside the housing area. The population of Dartford is 60, 000.

  如果地图题出现较多的地点,我们使用同义替换的词汇去进行相应的改写就可以了。所以总结下来,地图题的写作需要掌握两个要点:

  第一,同学们需要积累地图题的常用核心词汇

  或词组表达,并熟记于心;

  第二,像地图题之类的小作文,必须时刻注意避免重复过多次同一单词或词组,否则容易在lexical resources的评分标准上丢分。

  趁热打铁,我们赶紧拿一套题目来练习一下吧!

微信图片_20180820141612.jpg

  【滨海村庄】The map below shows the development of a seaside village between 1995 and present.Write a short report for a university lecturer describing theinformationshown below.Write at least 150 words.

  【参考范文】

  The two maps show the layout of the same seaside village in 1995 and at present.

  Overall, it isevidentthat theinfrastructurefor housing and recreation has increased at the expense of agricultural land and commercial fishing.

  The most notable changes are the disappearance of the fishing port and adjacent fish market, as well as the creation of a golf course and tennis courts in the north-east, where farmland and a forest park were still found in 1995.furthermore, a new housing development containing apartments is now found on the waterfront at the former site of the fish market, and a number of restaurants have been built on the opposite side of the road where shops used to be.

  There was also an increase in the total number of houses, from 12 in 1995 to 16 at present. In addition, the road encircling a small housing development west of the main road has been extended further westward.

  The hotel and cafe in the south-east have remained as is. A new car park has been added next to the hotel.

  Total Words: 180

  Task Achievement: 9

  Coherence & Cohesion: 9

  Lexical resources: 9

  Grammar: 9

  Overall Score: Band 9

  以上就是小编为大家分享雅思写作中地图题的备考几点建议及主要词汇表达。更多雅思阅读时间、雅思真题回忆等问题,可以咨询我们。

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