雅思备考读外刊：创新需求从何来

　　参加雅思考试的同学，除了每天刷题外，你还应该至少每周精读一篇外刊。读英语期刊和报纸对提高雅思阅读能力和扩大雅思词汇量的重要性。今天小编就为大家继续分享外刊阅读素材。

　　Analysing the supply side of the innovation equation in isolation can also be misleading. The demand for new ideas, and, correspondingly, the incentive to tackle difficult questions, also matters. In his analysis of the Industrial Revolution, Robert Allen, an economic historian then at Oxford, sought to explain why it started in Britain rather than anywhere else. Supply-side factors, such as improved literacy and stronger property rights, certainly played a part. But it was the demand for labour-saving innovation, prompted by Britain’s relatively high wages at the time, which gave tinkerers a strong incentive to develop and hone the steam engine and its applications.

　　孤立地分析“创新方程式”的供给面也可能误入歧途。对新想法的需求也很重要。相应地，解决困难问题的动力也一样。经济史学家罗伯特?艾伦 (Robert Allen) 在牛津大学工作期间曾经分析工业革命，试图解释为何这场革命始于英国而不是其他任何地方。识字率提高和产权保护加强等供给面上的因素肯定起到了一定的作用。但正是由于当时英国相对较高的工资水平引发了对节省劳动力的创新的需求，才让喜欢鼓捣发明的人有了很强的动力来开发和改进蒸汽机及其应用。

　　词汇讲解

　　misleading

　　文中释义：误入歧途的

　　词汇拆解：misleading= mis- + lead + -ing

　　构词成分：词缀 mis- 表示“坏”(bad)、“错” (wrong)、“不” (not) 这类含义。

　　示例补充：misdirect, misconduct, mistrust

　　misleading相关同义词拓展

　　misleading, delusive, delusory这些形容词都描述导致某人犯错误或有导致某人犯错的倾向的事物。(These adjectives describe what leads or tends to lead one into error or wrongdoing.)

　　misleading可用于描述有意或无意地引导某人误入歧途的事物。(Misleading, the least specific, applies to something that inadvertently or deliberately guides oneinto an erroneous or wrong path)

　　The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologized.

　　delusive, delusory都带有欺骗 (deception)、哄骗 (sham) 或谬误 (fallaciousness) 的意味。

　　a delusive faith in a wonder drug. 对特效药的虚幻的信念

　　a delusory pleasure. 虚幻的快乐

　　mislead相关同义词拓展

　　deceive, betray, mislead, beguile, delude, dupe, hoodwink, bamboozle, double-cross这些动词都含有通过狡诈的手段把他人导入错误、危险或不利的位置的意思。(These verbs mean to lead another into error, danger, or a disadvantageous position, for the most part by underhand means.)

　　deceive有意隐瞒或歪曲真相的意思。

　　“There is a moment of difficulty and danger at which flattery and falsehood can no longer deceive” (Letters of Junius). “在艰难和危险的时刻，奉承和欺骗不再能蒙蔽人” （朱尼厄斯的信）。

　　betray含有不忠或背叛的意思。

　　“When you betray somebody else, you also betray yourself” (Isaac Bashevis Singer). “你背叛别人的时候，你也背叛了你自己” （伊萨艾克·巴谢维丝·辛格）。

　　mislead意为引入错误的方向或引向错误的思维或行动。

　　“My manhood, long misled by wandering fires, / Followed false lights” (John Dryden). “游移的火焰长久地误导，我的成年时期跟随着虚妄的光” （约翰·德莱顿）。

　　beguile含有通过友好的方法引诱、欺骗的意思。

　　They beguiled unwary investors with tales of overnight fortunes. 他们以一夜之间可以发大财的承诺，诱骗了掉以轻心的投资者。

　　delude指欺骗到一个程度，致使受骗人无法分辨真伪，或做出可靠的判断。

　　The government deluded the public about the dangers oflow-level radiation. 政府欺骗公众，关于低强度辐射的危险性。

　　dupe指利用他人的易动感情或幼稚进行欺骗。

　　Gullible shoppers are easily duped by unscrupulous advertisers. 不坚定的消费者很容易被不道德的广告商蒙骗。

　　hoodwink指通过诡计进行欺骗。

　　It is difficult to hoodwink a smart lawyer. 很难欺骗一个聪明的律师。

　　bamboozle指通过戏弄的，令人迷惑的，或狡猾的劝服进行欺骗，较少用于正式场合。

　　“Perhaps if I wanted to be understood or to understand Iwould bamboozle myself into belief, but I am a reporter” (Graham Greene). “也许如果被理解或理解，我可以哄骗自己相信，可我是个记者” （格拉姆·格林）。

　　double-cross含有背叛他人的信任或故意不履行誓言的意思。

　　New members of the party felt they had been double-crossed by the old guard. 党内的新成员觉得他们被那个资深党员骗了。

　　improved literacy

　　文中释义：识字率的提高

　　literacy指“读写能力” (ability to read and write)，含义相对的表达是illiteracy“文盲”，含义相关的表达numeracy “算术能力”。

　　develop and hone

　　文中释义：开发和改进

　　hone本指“磨刀石”，可以作动词使用表示“使完美”或者“使更强烈或有效” (to perfect or make more intense or effective)。文中这里被理解成“改进”。

　　a speaker who honed her delivery by long practice. 一个演讲者通过长期练习来磨练提高她的口才

　　长难句解析

　　But / it was the demand for labour-saving innovation, // prompted by Britain’s relatively high wages at the time, // which gave tinkerers a strong incentive / to develop and hone the steam engine / and its applications.

　　提取主干：It was the demand for labour-saving innovation which gave tinkerers a strong incentive，强调句。（另见疑难解析）

　　其他成分：

　　① 过去分词短语prompted by Britain’s relatively high wages at the time作定语，修饰强调句中的主语demand。

　　② 不定式to develop and hone the steam engine and its applications修饰gave的直接宾语incentive。

　　疑难解析：强调句中使用which的情况

　　多数语法书中讲解的强调结构是“It is/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who/ that+其余成分”。被强调部分指人时多用who，指事物时用that，且that不可用which替换。

　　但在实际使用时，也存在用which连接的情况。

　　【例1】Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(fifth edition)

　　《朗文当代英语词典第五版》make词条第4个释义，第二个例句：

　　It was this movie which made him a star.

　　【例2】《薄冰高级英语语法》17.8 引词it用于强调结构，第806页(12)：

　　It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.

　　在同一页，《薄冰高级英语语法》指出，强调结构如强调状语，则不可用which从句。以上例子仅供参考，在应试中还应避免使用，仍以who和that为准。

　　注：长难句解析栏目仅供参考。到底是怎样，希望你可以自己动动手去分析才好。

　　写作积累

　　Analysing the supply side of the innovation equation in isolation can also be misleading. 孤立地分析“创新方程式”的供给面也可能误入歧途。

　　The demand for new ideas, and, correspondingly, the incentive to tackle difficult questions, also matters. 对新想法的需求也很重要。相应地，解决困难问题的动力也一样。

　　Supply-side factors, such as improved literacy and stronger property rights, certainly played a part. 识字率提高和产权保护加强等供给面上的因素肯定起到了一定的作用。

　　gave tinkerers a strong incentive to develop and hone the steam engine and its applications 让喜欢鼓捣发明的人有了很强的动力来开发和改进蒸汽机及其应用

　　以上就是小编为大家介绍的关于外刊中的优秀的素材表达。更多雅思考场分布、雅思口语范文等问题，可以咨询我们。