UKiset英语：最新英语热词学起来，《柯林斯词典》年度词汇

　　韦氏词典每年都会择机更补新词，这次的新增涉及了政治、科技、饮食等多个领域。韦氏出版公司网站表示，这些词汇已经是成熟语言，被用于多种场合，“我们的读者期望在字典中找到这些词汇”。大家在备考UKiset英语的时候要注意留心。

　　11月7日，《柯林斯英语词典》在其官方博客上发布了“2018年年度词汇”single-use以及“年度十大词汇”名单。

　　“一次性的（single-use）”的入选彰显出环保问题的受关注度。

　　Collins Dictionary says we’re hearing a lot more of “single-use.”

　　The adjective applied to disposable plastic products has been named the dictionary’s 2018 word of the year. Collins says use of the term has risen fourfold since 2013, as pollution climbs the political agenda.

　　The term refers to products that are often made of plastic and have been made to use just once, only to be thrown away after, rendering them unsustainable and harmful to the planet.

　　Collins’s lexicographers said the word “single-use” is now being used more than ever before in light of universal efforts to combat the threats such plastics pose to the environment, with the European parliament recently supporting a ban on products such as straws, cotton swabs and disposable plates.

　　柯林斯博文称，在今年的年度词汇的挑选过程中，环境议题居首，之后才是政治运动、跳舞风潮以及技术等。因此，柯林斯的词汇研究从员挑选出的年度词汇是“single-use”。入选的十大词汇里，与环境有关的词还有plogging和vegan。

　　阅读 | Plogging: the newest fitness trend

　　对于single-use的解释，英国《独立报》（The Independent）报道中写到：

　　The term refers to products that are often made of plastic and have been made to use just once, only to be thrown away after, rendering them unsustainable and harmful to the planet.

　　《卫报》（The Guardian）的一篇报道指出，这个词其中是与消费主义盛兴以及对环境的破坏有关：

　　It is most often used to refer to plastic items which are discarded by consumers and have led to the degradation of beaches, oceans and marine life, which in turn has an enormous impact on climate change.

　　在柯林斯的博文里，对于选出这个年度词汇的理由是：

　　Images of plastic adrift in the most distant oceans, such as straws, bottles and bags, haveled to a global campaign to reduce their use.

　　漂流在大洋深处的塑料制品，如吸管、塑料瓶和塑料袋等，都引发了全球减少使用塑料制品的运动。

　　“Images of plastic adrift in the most distant oceans, such as straws, bottles and bags, have led to a global campaign to reduce their use,” said a spokesperson for the dictionary.

　　Other entries on the dictionary’s list of new and notable words include “backstop” — a legal guarantee about the Irish border after Brexit — and “gammon,” a derogatory British term for an angry pink-faced person sometimes used against supporters of leaving the European Union.

　　“MeToo” also makes the list released Wednesday. The dictionary says the campaign against sexual harassment and abuse has become part of the language in phrases such as “the MeToo era” and “MeToo moment.”

　　The movement was started in 2006 by activist Tarana Burke, but it went viral in October 2017 after allegations of sexual assault emerged against Harvey Weinstein.

　　Backstop

　　A system that will come into effect if no other arrangement is made (noun)

　　Floss

　　A dance in which people twist their hips in one direction while swinging their arms in the opposite direction with the fists closed (noun)

　　Gammon

　　A person, typically male, middle-aged, and white, with reactionary views, especially one who supports the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union (noun)

　　Gaslight

　　To attempt to manipulate (a person) by continually presenting them with false information until they doubt their sanity (verb)

　　MeToo

　　Denoting a cultural movement that seeks to expose and eradicate predatory sexual behavior, especially in the workplace (adjective)

　　Plogging

　　A recreational activity, originating in Sweden, that combines jogging with picking up litter (noun)

　　Single-use

　　Made to be used once only (adjective)

　　VAR

　　Abbreviation for video assistant referee

　　VAR gained popularity in 2018 as it was "used for the first time during this year's FIFA World Cup."

　　Vegan

　　A person who refrains from using any animal product whatever for food, clothing, or any other purpose (noun)

　　Whitewash

　　To cast a white actor in the role of (a character from a minority ethnic group) or to produce (a film or play) using white actors to play characters from a minority ethnic group (verb)

　　下面一起来看看今年《柯林斯词典》年度词汇的候选词汇：

　　1.Backstop 后备方案

　　A system that will come into effect if no other arrangement is made (noun)

　　如果没有做出其他安排，就将生效的一种体制。（名词）

　　（指英国脱欧后爱尔兰边界的情况，即北爱尔兰与爱尔兰之间不会存在“硬边界”的法律保障。）

　　2.Gaslight “煤气灯”

　　To attempt to manipulate (a person) by continually presenting them with false information until they doubt their sanity (verb)

　　通过不断地给别人灌输错误信息，直到他们开始怀疑自己的理智思维，从而达到操控别人目的的行为。（动词）

　　3.MeToo “我也是”

　　Denoting a cultural movement that seeks to expose and eradicate predatory sexual behavior, especially in the workplace (adjective)

　　指的是一项文化运动，寻求曝光和根除性侵，特别是在工作场合。（形容词）

　　4.Plogging 慢跑捡垃圾

　　A recreational activity, originating in Sweden, that combines jogging with picking up litter (noun)

　　一边慢跑一边捡垃圾，是起源于瑞典的一项休闲活动。（名词）

　　5.Single-use 一次性的

　　Made to be used once only (adjective)

　　一次性使用的（形容词）

　　6.VAR 视频助理裁判

　　Abbreviation for video assistant referee

　　Video assistant referee（视频助理裁判）的缩写

　　VAR gained popularity in 2018 as it was "used for the first time during this year's FIFA World Cup."

　　视频助理裁判“在今年的世界杯期间首次使用”，并流行起来。

　　7.Whitewash “洗白”

　　To cast a white actor in the role of (a character from a minority ethnic group) or to produce (a film or play) using white actors to play characters from a minority ethnic group (verb)

　　让白人演员扮演少数族裔，或拍摄白人演员出演少数族裔角色的电影和戏剧。（动词）

　　下面一起来看看今年《柯林斯词典》年度词汇的候选词汇：

　　Backstop 后备方案

　　A system that will come into effect if no other arrangement is made (noun)

　　如果没有做出其他安排，就将生效的一种体制。（名词）

　　（指英国脱欧后爱尔兰边界的情况，即北爱尔兰与爱尔兰之间不会存在“硬边界”的法律保障。）

　　Floss 牙线舞

　　A dance in which people twist their hips in one direction while swinging their arms in the opposite direction with the fists closed (noun)

　　一种今年走红的舞蹈。人们在跳舞时拳头紧握，臀部和手臂向相反的方向扭动。（名词）

　　Gammon 腌猪腿

　　A person, typically male, middle-aged, and white, with reactionary views, especially one who supports the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union (noun)

　　保守派人士，尤指中年白人男性，特别是“脱欧”支持者。（名词）

　　Gammon原指烟熏猪肉，现在则具有贬义，用来形容气得涨红脸的“脱欧”支持者，这些人通常是中年白人男性。查尔斯-狄更斯在1838年的小说《尼古拉斯·尼克贝》中用这个词描述了一个用爱国情怀遮掩一己私欲的中年男子。

　　Gaslight “煤气灯”

　　To attempt to manipulate (a person) by continually presenting them with false information until they doubt their sanity (verb)

　　通过不断地给别人灌输错误信息，直到他们开始怀疑自己的理智思维，从而达到操控别人目的的行为。（动词）

　　MeToo “我也是”

　　Denoting a cultural movement that seeks to expose and eradicate predatory sexual behavior, especially in the workplace (adjective)

　　指的是一项文化运动，寻求曝光和根除性侵，特别是在工作场合。（形容词）

　　Plogging 慢跑捡垃圾

　　A recreational activity, originating in Sweden, that combines jogging with picking up litter (noun)

　　一边慢跑一边捡垃圾，是起源于瑞典的一项休闲活动。（名词）

　　Single-use 一次性的

　　Made to be used once only (adjective)

　　一次性使用的（形容词）

　　VAR 视频助理裁判

　　Abbreviation for video assistant referee

　　Video assistant referee（视频助理裁判）的缩写

　　VAR gained popularity in 2018 as it was "used for the first time during this year's FIFA World Cup."

　　视频助理裁判“在今年的世界杯期间首次使用”，并流行起来。

　　Vegan 严格的素食主义者

　　A person who refrains from using any animal product whatever for food, clothing, or any other purpose (noun)

　　不使用任何动物制品的人，不管是食品、服装、还是其他用途的产品。（名词）

　　Whitewash “洗白”

　　To cast a white actor in the role of (a character from a minority ethnic group) or to produce (a film or play) using white actors to play characters from a minority ethnic group (verb)

　　让白人演员扮演少数族裔，或拍摄白人演员出演少数族裔角色的电影和戏剧。（动词）

　　以上就是小编为大家整理的关于最新《柯林斯英语词典》年度词汇候选。更多UKiset考试时间、UKiset报名官网等问题可以咨询我们。