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AEIS语法笔记:冠词用法, 你造吗?

2019-01-05 15:25 1363927次浏览


  在新加坡,本地学生在小学阶段已将所有的英语语法学完。因此,考新加坡中学的中国考生必须认真备考语法,熟悉AEIS考试常考的语法重点和难点。今天课窝网就和大家说说关于英语语法中冠词的分析。

  概念:冠词是置于名词前并限定名词意义的虚词。英语中的冠词只有定冠词和不定冠词两种,其中定冠词只有the这一种形式,不定冠词只有a和an这两种形式。名词前若不用冠词时,又称作零冠词。不定冠词之所以冠以“不定”两字,就是因为它的主要特点就是“不确定”或“泛指”;定冠词之所以冠以“定”字,就是因为它的主要特点是“确指”或“特指”。

  冠词在句中的位置

  1. 通常位置:一般说来冠词放在单数可数名词之前(如a man / the man),如果名词有其他定语,不定冠词应放在定语之前(如a good man / the good man)。

  2. 特殊位置:在下面情况中,冠词的位置比较特殊,需要注意。

  ①单数可数名词被 such, many, half, what等修饰时,不定冠词应置于其后,这个大家看例子就很容易明白,而且平时基本不会出错。

AEIS考试

  He arrivedhalf an hour ago.

  He couldn’t afford to paysuch a price.

  ② 单数可数名词前作定语的形容词被as, so, how, too修饰时,通常采用“as / so / how / too +形容词+ a / an +名词”这样的词序。

  He didn’t knowhow great a mistakehe had made.

  It istoo difficult a jobfor me to finish in so short a time.

  ③ 当定冠词与all, both, half表倍数的double, twice, three times等分数词等一起修饰名词时,定冠词应放在它们之后。

  Turn offall the lightsbefore you go to bed.

  Everything was almostdouble the normal price.

  a 与 an 的用法区别

  1.基本区别:原则上说,a用于辅音前;an用于元音前。辅音前用a的例子如:a book, a student, a school, a house, a magazine等;元音前用an的例子如:an egg, an apple, an object, an idea, an ugly thing等。

  2.易错说明:hour, honest, honor等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母h开头,但其读音却以元音开头,因此,前面要用an。反过来,有些单词虽然以元音字母开头,但其读音却以辅音开头,那么它们的前面应用a而不是an,这些词常见的有useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way等。

  此外,对于数字、字母以及由单词首字母构成的缩略词,其前到底是用a还是an,也需根据读音来确定,如下:

  He hasan11-year-old daughter.

  Our daughter sent usanSOS for some more money.

  不定冠词的基本用法

  1. 表类别:即指人或事物的类别。

  A teacher is a person who teaches.

  2. 表数量:即表示数量“一”。

  I’ll be able to finish it in a day or two.

  3. 表同一性:即表示“同一”,说明事物的同一性质、特征、大小或程度等。

  This hat and that one are of a shape.

  4. 表程度:用于most前表示“非常”“十分”。

  It’sa mostboring book.

  不定冠词的考点性用法

  1. 用于序数词前:表示“再一”、“又一”。

  She thanked hima second time.

  Shall I ask hera third time?

  2. 用于由动词转化来的名词前:表示一次、一番等义(通常与have, take,make, give等动词连用)。

  We’ve alreadyhad a try at it.

  I went down to the beach andtook a swim.

  3. 用于专有名词前:相当于a certain,意为“一个”“某个”。

  The house next door has been bought bya Mr Jones.

  4. 用于抽象名词前:使之具体化,表示与该之相关的具体的人或事。

  He wasa successin business.

  It’sa pleasureto talk with you.  

  定冠词的基本用法

  1. 表示特指:特指某(些)人或某(些)物(包括用于上文提到过的人或物之前,以及说话双方都知道的人或物)。

  We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.

  2.表示独一无二:用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前。

  The earth goes round the sun.

  He looked up at the stars in the sky.

  3. 用于最高级前:即用于形容词或副词的最高级前。

  Who picked the most apples?

  Of the four of us, I sang the worst.

  4. 用于序数词或方位词之前。

  He was the first man to think of it.

  Italyis in the south of Europe.

  5. 用于乐器名词前:表示相应乐器的演奏。

  Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute.

  6. 表示人体部位:用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部位。

  He patted me on the back.

  We caught him by the arm.

  7. 用于表示一家人:用于在姓氏的复数形式之前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

  The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.

  8. 用于江河湖海等前:用于江河湖海、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。如:

  The Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea.

  9. 用于某些含有普通名词的专有名词前:用于某些国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等含有普通名词与其他词构成的专有名词。

  We visited the Great Wall yesterday.

  定冠词的考点性用法

  1. 用于整十的复数数词前:表示几十年代。

  This happened in the seventies.

  2. 用于比较级前:用于“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中表示“越……就越……”。

  The sooner we operate now the safer.

  The better I knew him, the more I liked him.

  3. 用于表示类别:用于“the+某些形容词或过去分词”中表示一类人。

  Do you think the rich should pay more taxes to help the poor?

  The sick and the wounded were sent home.

  4. 用于国籍名词前表总称:用于“the+某些国籍的形容词”中表示某国人的总称。

  The French are famous for their food.

  The British drink a great deal of tea.

  5. 用于集合名词前表总称:用于“the + police / public等集合名词”中表示这类人的总称。

  The police are looking for the murderer.

  6. 用于修饰same, only, very等形容词:即用于“the same / only / very +名词”结构中。

  That’s the only reason.

  Do you belong to the same class?

  My view is the very opposite of his.

  7. 用于单位名词前表示标准:即用于“单位词”(hour, day, month, year, dozen, gallon, ton, yard等)前表示标准,相当于汉语的“按”“论”“每”等。

  They let out cars by the day.

  Do you sell eggs by the kilo or by the dozen?

  但是,by weight(按重量)习惯上不用冠词。

  Bananas are usually sold by weight.

  使用零冠词的典型情形

  所谓用零冠词,即既不用定冠词,也不用不定冠词。这类情况主要有:

  1. 表泛指的不可数名词或复数名词前。

  Snow was failing.

  Children get a better education today than at any time in the past.

  2. 倒装的让步状语从句中:在as(虽然)引导让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。

  Child as he was, he knew how to help others.

  3. 某些特殊词前:例如在man(人,人类), word(消息)的前面不用冠词。

  Man is a rational animal.

  Word came that he had married again.

  又如动词turn(变成),go(变成)后作表语的名词前通常用不用冠词。

  He was a teacher before he turned writer.

  4. 独立主格结构中:在表示伴随或补充说明用用的独立主格结构中,名词前不用冠词。

  The teacher came in, book in hand.

  He was sitting in the chair, pipe in mouth.

  5. “(a) kind [sort] of+名词”结构的“名词”前:该结构中的“名词”不管是单数还是复数,其前都通常用零冠词。

  This kind of book is very interesting.

  He is the sort of person I really dislike.

  6. 表抽象意义的单数名词前:当单数可数名词含义抽象化具有形容词意味时,通常用零冠词。

  I was fool enough to accept his offer.

  Are you man enough for this dangerous job?

  以上就是小编为大家整理的关于AEIS英语语法中冠词用法汇总。更多AEIS词汇量、AEIS作文范文等问题可以咨询我们。

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