PTE英语语法笔记练习：虚拟式

　　在PTE英语学习中，语法永远是一个让人头疼的内容。枯燥的语法让人昏昏欲睡，丝毫没有学习下去的动力。语法难学不光是因为规则难记，还有一个大多数人都没有意识到的原因——语法的规则有时会和日常的用法相矛盾。下面就和小编一起看看今天的英语语法吧。

　　虚拟式，又称“虚拟语气”（Subjunctive Mood）。

　　用动词的过去时形式表达假设意义：

　　a.It is (high) time (that) ...

　　It is time we had dinner.

　　It is high time you lent her a hand.

　　b.I would rather/sooner (that) you /he/they ...

　　I’m sure he is keeping something back. I’d rather he told me the truth.

　　c.If only ...

　　If only I had enough money with me.

　　d.... as if/as though ...

　　They are staring at me as if I was/were crazy.

　　注：

　　①在as if/as though 结构中的动词形式通常决定于说话人的语意意图。

　　I feel as if I was/were going to faint.（我感觉好像要晕倒了。）

　　I feel as if I am going to faint.（我感觉（真的）就要晕倒了。）

　　②如果不表示假设意义，就不必用过去时形式。

　　It looks as if it is going to rain.（看来好像要下雨了。）

　　e.I wish (that) ...

　　I wish I was/were a bit taller.

　　注：

　　如果要表示对将来事态的主观愿望，通常用某些情态助动词的过去时形式，这种结构接近于客气的请求或委婉的劝告。

　　I wish you would listen to your teacher’s advice.

　　用情态助动词的过去时形式表示假设意义：

　　*用于条件句

　　If I were you, I would not miss this opportunity.

　　*用于含蓄条件句

　　This same thing, happening in wartime (=if it should happen in wartime), would amount to disaster.（此类事情如果发生在战时就会造成灾难。）

　　*用于其他语境

　　The door was pushed open; who should come in but the woman they were talking about.（门被推开，进来的原来是他们正在谈论的那个女人。）

　　型虚拟式

　　1用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中

　　a.用在decide, decree, demand, insist, move（提议）, order, prefer, profess, recommend, request, require, suggest, vote等动词之后的that-分句中。

　　The doctor insisted that he not eat meat.

　　b.用在advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper等形容词之后的that-分句中。

　　c.It is essential that all the facts be examined first.

　　d.用在decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的that-分句中。

　　Their decision was that the school remain closed.

　　注：

　　在这一用法中，be-型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。

　　He ordered that the books be sent at once.

　　=He ordered that the books should be sent at once.

　　=He ordered that the books to be sent at once.

　　2.用于由if, though等连词引导的分句中

　　Be-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义

　　Though everyone desert you, I will not.

　　Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away.

　　3.用于某些公式化语句中，表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义

　　God damn you!（该死的）

　　Heaven forbid!（天理不容）

　　So be it.（就这样吧）

　　Suffice it to say that...（只需说...就够了）

　　Far be it from me to...（我极不愿）

　　Home is home, be it ever so homely.

　　WERE-型虚拟式

　　1.用于某些状语从句中，由if, if only, as if, as though, though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。

　　If I were you, I should wait till next week.

　　He behaves as though he were better than us.

　　2.用于某些名词性从句中，常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常不可能发生的）情况。

　　Suppose the earth were flat.

　　注：上述were-型虚拟式在第一、三人称单数主语之后可为was所取代。

　　If only I was not so nervous!

　　但是，在if I were you这一分句中，通常倾向于用were。另外，在某些倒装结构中，只用were。

　　Were I to do it (=If I were to do it), I should rely on you.

　　还有，as it were (作so to speak解，即“宛如”“好比”)结构中也只用were.

　　He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.

　　以上就是小编为大家整理的关于PTE英语高频英语语法考点总结，希望对大家有所帮助。更多PTE考试官方网站、PTE高频词汇等问题可以咨询我们。